0:02

uh our next speaker is a professor of

0:03

critical media and big data in the

0:05

school of journalism and communications

0:07

at carleton university she’s also a

0:09

research associate with a programmable

0:11

city project and the geomatics and

0:14

cartographic research center and

0:16

recently collaborated with a civic

0:17

nonprofit open north on a project that’s

0:20

researching and analyzing open smart

0:21

cities in canada which included ottawa

0:24

please join me in welcoming dr tracy

0:26

lorio

0:28

[Applause]

0:35

i’m just looking for the clicky thingy

0:37

what’s up there okay

0:40

this thing’s loud

0:42

how are you doing

0:44

hey friday night in ottawa look at us

0:47

right here

0:49

way to go guys

0:51

smart cities

0:53

what do you think

0:55

maybe

0:56

maybe well let’s see what you think

0:58

because

0:59

really

1:00

it’s up to us to shape it the way we

1:02

want them to be

1:03

so i’m going to talk about

1:06

i’m actually test driving a definition

1:08

with you so i’m hoping that you’re going

1:09

to kick my butt if it doesn’t hold up

1:11

afterwards in the q a but it’s a

1:13

definition that we’ve been working on

1:15

with a pro

1:17

in a on a project called the open smart

1:19

cities project in canada that’s funded

1:21

by the geo connections program at

1:23

natural resources canada and it’s

1:26

happening at open north with a really

1:28

amazing group of researchers from the

1:31

university of toronto a semantic

1:33

ontologist and software engineer and

1:36

standardization person

1:38

mike fox with david fewer from one of my

1:40

favorite organizations the canadian

1:42

internet public policy interest clinic

1:44

uh with and with a really great team

1:47

open overnight open north so first of

1:49

all let’s get warmed up a bit

1:52

what’s this city thing well

1:55

that’s a canadian city way up north

1:58

that’s a canadian city out east

2:01

that’s another great canadian city out

2:03

east as is that one

2:06

that’s a quebecois canadian city and

2:10

another great

2:11

very metropolitan wonderful place that

2:13

we all as as people who live in ottawa

2:15

know that one of the best parts of

2:17

ottawa is that we live close to this

2:19

city in montreal so that’s a great city

2:21

and we know that that’s a great vista

2:24

that a lot of us like to go to on mount

2:26

mojoyal here’s our wonderful city

2:29

there’s the city of toronto

2:31

winnipeg ah look at this out west as

2:35

well in the prairies again out west i

2:37

thought that was an absolutely who knew

2:39

edmonton looked so good

2:41

um here is up in yellowknife

2:44

uh this is sorry this is yellowknife and

2:46

here we are out in vancouver so cities

2:50

have come in all shapes and forms in the

2:52

context of canada but really

2:54

a city is a complex social and

2:58

biological system we hang out with each

3:00

other we eat we pee

3:03

we drink stuff we hang out we use things

3:07

we climb mountains it’s a

3:08

socio-biological place

3:11

it’s territorially bound right there’s a

3:13

boundary to this thing it’s a place of

3:16

human settlement this is where you and i

3:19

live we live in cities it’s our habitat

3:22

it’s also governed by public city

3:24

officials who manage the grey so the

3:27

buildings the blue the water and the

3:30

green environment within their

3:32

jurisdictional responsibilities so

3:34

they’re the people who sign off on the

3:36

stuff that we deal with in the city and

3:38

because we’re the city of ottawa we get

3:40

an extra layer with the national capital

3:42

commission and we’ve already had a

3:43

speaker from that as well talk to us

3:45

about that already

3:46

so what’s the smart city thing

3:48

then there’s a ton of definitions we’ve

3:51

already heard that already but

3:53

these are many of the definitions we

3:55

have intelligent cities responsive

3:57

cities sensing cities

3:59

surveillance cities safe cities

4:01

programmable cities and so on so there’s

4:04

all kinds of terminology ubiquitous

4:07

cities or ubiquitous computing might be

4:09

another way to think about it there’s

4:10

all kinds of definitions

4:12

some people like to think smart cities

4:14

are something that you can manage from

4:16

your iphone how we manage this complex

4:19

source and dynamic socio-biological

4:21

system from an iphone is unbeknownst to

4:24

me but some people suggest that that’s

4:25

the case or it’s an entire city at the

4:28

palm of your hand that you can control

4:30

from it from interconnected devices

4:32

or maybe

4:34

it’s some of the pre-existing cities

4:35

that we’ve already had and we’ve already

4:37

looked at some that are augmented with

4:40

all kinds of devices primarily the

4:42

internet of things and those and

4:43

multiple other devices to do things like

4:46

the smart home and the smart building

4:48

and the and the smart innovation and the

4:50

smart education

4:52

and so on and so forth as the discourse

4:56

goes

4:57

so really the way that i understand a

4:59

smart city or the definition that i use

5:01

is networked

5:03

urbanism is what it’s called and it’s

5:05

basically technologically instrumented

5:08

in networked with systems that are

5:11

interlinked and integrated

5:14

where vast troves of big data are being

5:17

generated by sensors and administrative

5:20

processes because we have to remember

5:21

there’s surveys and there’s data being

5:23

collected on websites when we’re

5:25

clicking in or when we’re calling 3-1-1

5:28

to manage and control

5:30

urban life in real time

5:33

so it kind of sounds okay but

5:36

we’re not in there

5:38

the machines are doing the things and

5:40

the data are doing the things

5:42

it’s also

5:44

the place where administrators uh and

5:48

public officials because in some cities

5:50

officials are not elected but there are

5:52

public officials involved

5:54

invest in smart city technologies data

5:57

analytical systems to inform how we

5:59

innovatively

6:00

economically

6:02

efficiently efficiency is always the

6:04

favorite one

6:05

right you’ll always see that when you’re

6:07

talking about smart cities and my my

6:09

favorite line for that one is i don’t

6:11

know about you but my love life’s not

6:13

efficient

6:14

and i’m not sure that i want my love

6:15

light to be efficient so is it always

6:18

about efficiency and the cult of

6:20

efficiency

6:21

and you might want to listen to that

6:22

really good massey lecture on the cult

6:25

of efficiency it’s objectively run

6:28

because it’s with data and machines and

6:29

they’re always objective and unbiased of

6:31

course we all know that to manage the

6:33

city

6:34

the focus

6:36

is almost always to quantify and manage

6:39

infrastructure mobility business and

6:42

online government services

6:45

in other words it’s it’s a kind of

6:47

technological solutionism you’ve got a

6:49

problem throw some data and some

6:51

technology at it and you’ve got a smart

6:53

city and you’ll be able to solve a lot

6:55

of the problems so we’ll see we’ll

6:57

unpack this a little bit more later on

7:00

this is a really interesting uh

7:02

intentional smart city that’s being

7:04

built in the philippines right now

7:06

it’s on the old u.s army-based clark

7:09

army base

7:10

it’s quite spectacular has anybody here

7:12

been to the philippines

7:15

so you guys know manila right

7:18

imagine this in manila

7:20

it’s nuts

7:21

it’s very exciting and very interesting

7:23

a lot of foreign direct investment is

7:25

going in a lot of it firms are in it

7:27

involved in it there’s a big resiliency

7:30

agenda in it it’s a very excited and and

7:33

futuristic kind of project

7:36

but right beside that is this a place

7:38

called smoky mountain

7:40

and that city that smart city is not for

7:43

these people

7:44

that smart city is not going to be

7:46

designed for them it’s going to be an

7:48

exclusive city

7:49

it’s going to be a gated city

7:52

it’s going to be uh what some people

7:53

call a quart city that’s going to be

7:55

very expensive and very prestigious

7:58

so it’s wonderful it’s innovative but i

8:01

would argue that it’s not socially just

8:03

and it’s being built because it’s very

8:06

difficult to build and do interesting

8:08

and new things in the city of manila so

8:10

this will be a city beside manila

8:12

where the rich people can live and

8:14

manila will be left to its own devices

8:16

and not get retrofitted so a lot of the

8:18

things that we see about smart cities

8:20

are somewhat like this

8:23

so what’s an open smart city then how

8:25

why are we even thinking about what an

8:27

open smart city is well

8:29

we’re trying to say

8:31

if that we don’t want this smart city in

8:33

clark in the philippines

8:35

what’s the smart city that we want

8:38

so one of the challenges i was given

8:39

this evening was to think 50 years ahead

8:41

of time now i’m not convinced that we’re

8:44

necessarily going to change all of the

8:46

shape and form of our cities in 50 years

8:49

but i think within 50 years we might be

8:52

able to

8:53

nudge along some cultural change

8:56

and some of the cultural change that i’m

8:58

suggesting that we nudge along is that

9:00

we

9:00

you and i become technological citizens

9:03

that we become versed about technology

9:06

and what it can do and that we become

9:07

very versed about data and what data can

9:10

and cannot do

9:12

and that we actually include people in

9:13

this equation that we become the drivers

9:15

of the smart city not the technology

9:18

driving us to do things so it’s about

9:21

people who collaboratively mobilize data

9:24

and technology so we get to work with

9:26

city officials to do this

9:28

when we need it because not every

9:30

problem requires

9:32

sophisticated computational internet of

9:34

things technology so when warranted only

9:37

when we need it

9:38

in an ethical accountable and a

9:41

transparent way

9:43

so that we can govern the city in a fair

9:46

viable and as a livable commons so this

9:49

is where we’re going to live so if this

9:51

is where we’re going to live we don’t

9:52

want it to be

9:54

a large corporate technological

9:57

utopias version what’s our version of a

10:00

livable commons what do we want and to

10:03

balance economic development with social

10:07

progress as well as environmental

10:09

sustainability

10:11

so we think that that’s not a bad

10:13

definition to get us going but i’d like

10:15

to unpack that a little bit now some

10:17

people in you know the futurists might

10:20

draw this as a kind of smart city again

10:22

a city from the ground up we’re going to

10:24

abandon the old cities and we’re going

10:26

to build new cities on the side and this

10:29

is a big program india right now has a

10:31

hundred smart cities on the agenda a lot

10:33

of big um

10:36

uh smart city projects are happening all

10:38

over asia where there’s very dense

10:39

populations and you can’t get rid of the

10:42

slums in the cities but it’s way easier

10:44

where you can build on land that you can

10:45

appropriate primarily farmland to do

10:47

those things nonetheless this could be

10:50

interesting

10:51

or it could be a smart city could simply

10:53

be retrofitting old cities and this is

10:56

one example here in barcelona where they

10:59

developed the um smart block superblocks

11:02

kind of project and so what they did

11:04

there is they said okay we have all

11:06

these city blocks and if you’ve ever

11:08

looked at an air photo or an aerial

11:10

image of barcelona it’s science fiction

11:14

it’s it’s it’s absolutely and you will

11:15

see one in a minute it’s an absolutely

11:17

amazing city so what they said was is

11:19

we’re having a car problem and we’d like

11:21

to divert the cars and so we’re going to

11:23

select we’re going to do some data

11:24

analytics and we’re going to select a

11:27

series of

11:28

maybe 12 13 14 15 blocks

11:32

blocks of nine blocks and we’re going to

11:34

quarter them off and we’re going to

11:36

recirculate traffic around these and

11:38

within these we’re going to make them

11:40

much more interesting and diverse and

11:41

we’re gonna have libraries and we’re

11:43

gonna walk more i’m gonna have less cars

11:45

and we’re gonna encourage small

11:47

businesses to come back to these

11:49

locations so that people can be have

11:52

self-contained communities within a nine

11:54

block radius

11:55

so this would be the old version and

11:57

this is the new version that is

11:58

forthcoming

12:00

and they did the analysis to say okay

12:02

where are we going to do this how are we

12:04

going to divert traffic how are we going

12:05

to change these neighborhoods how are we

12:07

going to phase this in and how are we

12:10

going to improve the livability of our

12:13

city so barcelona is a living example of

12:17

a city right now that is making

12:19

technologies to be a means to an end and

12:22

not the end in and of itself and it is

12:25

working collaboratively with locals uh

12:28

who and city dwellers in barcelona to

12:31

change this it is not without its

12:33

hiccups it is not without its pushbacks

12:35

because of course people are attached to

12:36

their cars but we will see in the next

12:39

10 20 30 years what it’s going to look

12:41

like to have a city like that

12:43

or maybe it’s what some of the projects

12:46

that we’re seeing in sweden

12:48

maybe it’s taking those old cities and

12:49

saying okay

12:51

maybe we need to turn transportation on

12:54

its head maybe it’s not the driver who’s

12:56

always at fault

12:58

when it comes to having an accident

13:00

maybe it’s the design of the entire

13:02

transportation system maybe it’s the

13:04

incentives in sweden for instance your

13:07

traffic ticket your traffic ticket is

13:09

prorated to your salary

13:12

so if you’re a hockey player it’s ten

13:14

thousand bucks

13:16

so don’t you be speeding if you’re a

13:18

hockey player or anybody else for that

13:19

matter because it’s got to be meaningful

13:22

remember this is the country that

13:23

changed the direction of traffic

13:24

overnight

13:26

and without one accident

13:28

this is a country that says their number

13:30

one priority when it comes to

13:32

transportation is zero deaths that is

13:35

their design principle that is where

13:37

they start and therefore it’s the social

13:39

systems as well as the technological

13:41

systems as well as the entire

13:43

transportation system as well as car

13:45

manufacturers and software engineers in

13:47

the cars that are working

13:48

collaboratively to have no deaths on the

13:51

road so that’s possible

13:53

and what what our city is going to look

13:55

like when we have the autonomous car

13:57

like we’re going to have to change the

13:59

shape and the form of our cities as a

14:02

result of this car now we also have to

14:04

ask really important questions such as

14:06

the autonomous car means no autonomy

14:09

and the autonomous car also means no

14:11

anonymity so we have these other issues

14:13

but most of you are using uber

14:15

at the moment anyway so maybe

14:18

some of you don’t care about that i care

14:20

about that but perhaps some of you don’t

14:21

question that lack of anonymity that you

14:24

have with uber and with platforms so the

14:26

privacy issues and the security issues

14:28

are certainly important to consider

14:31

but can we share cars do we have to own

14:33

the cars

14:35

do we can we share

14:37

can we have shared and single occupancy

14:39

vehicles that we just call up that they

14:41

are our public asset and they belong

14:44

collectively to us

14:45

and if that’s so how does that look and

14:48

how do we put our brains towards

14:50

thinking about how do we pay for that

14:51

how do we afford that how do we use that

14:54

how do we maintain that and how do we

14:57

try and push this other kind of thinking

15:00

about how we think about our cities and

15:02

then of course

15:04

we all love the fast and the furious

15:06

because it’s a really top quality movie

15:08

with no cheese factor whatsoever but in

15:10

this particular movie as we know the

15:13

autonomous cars get taken over and they

15:15

get used as weapons so what are the

15:17

cyber securities there’s about right now

15:20

in most of the software in your car

15:21

there’s about 75 cyber security

15:23

vulnerabilities right now in our cars

15:26

so clearly not only do we have to deal

15:28

with privacy and anonymity we also need

15:31

with side we need to deal with cyber

15:32

security in these kinds of issues and

15:34

that is rarely a topic that is

15:36

considered

15:37

so maybe an open smart oh i’m running

15:40

out of time so maybe an open smart city

15:43

is a participatory collaborative and

15:45

responsive city

15:46

maybe it’s a city where government civil

15:48

society and the private sector media and

15:50

academia and residents participate in

15:53

the co-governance of the city

15:56

and maybe it’s not only co-governance it

15:58

means that we also have shared rights

16:00

and responsibilities

16:02

right we’re not just here as vapid

16:04

recipients of city services we have

16:07

rights and we have responsibilities to

16:08

live in our cities to take care of our

16:10

cities and to manage our communities it

16:12

means a culture of critical thinking

16:15

meaningful engagement and co-creation

16:17

and design but that needs to be fair

16:19

just inclusive it needs to have informed

16:22

debate it means it’s okay to fight and

16:24

argue

16:25

but it’s to do so in a trusting and

16:28

understanding way so that we can get to

16:30

good solutions

16:32

not just sitting back and receiving some

16:34

of these technologies

16:36

this here is a great example from the

16:39

city of chicago where they actually are

16:40

doing public engagement and public

16:42

education and literacy campaigns on the

16:44

internet of things and they’re actually

16:47

actively involved in doing public

16:49

outreach and education and discussion

16:52

and teaching people about what the

16:54

internet of things are and what these

16:55

technologies are about civic technology

16:58

is a classic example of that in canada

17:00

and we have the hub here as one great

17:02

place that’s doing that community work

17:04

as his art engine

17:06

but it’s also building an open and

17:08

collaborative underlying infrastructure

17:12

to enable the internet of things and to

17:14

enable these devices and what does it

17:16

look like when we hop onto these

17:18

infrastructures as opposed to

17:20

proprietary infrastructures that come

17:22

from above where we can’t participate

17:24

and learn in

17:26

an open smart city also functions

17:29

through cooperative organizations and in

17:32

our federation

17:34

boy that’s hard it’s really hard to go

17:36

from city to province and territory to

17:39

federal to all of the multiple

17:41

departments but also the multiple

17:43

institutions within all of these

17:45

departments but we have to do that we

17:47

have to find a way where we can start

17:50

integrating how we study how we learn

17:52

and how we work and how we use data so

17:54

that we can work across these different

17:56

institutions we need smart cities to be

18:00

part of digital strategies and to be

18:01

part of open science and to be part of

18:03

open government and to be part of open

18:05

data and to be open source and to have

18:07

open platforms

18:09

we need to do this and to do it really

18:12

well we need to have the federal

18:14

provincial territorial first nations and

18:16

municipal governments actually work with

18:18

each other and to be incentivized to

18:20

work with each other and we need to map

18:22

this concept of openness above and

18:24

beyond them

18:26

and there’s places that are doing that

18:27

new york city albeit it’s one

18:29

jurisdiction not an insignificant one

18:32

but it is one jurisdiction that is doing

18:34

that and they are actually developing

18:36

guidelines policies on laws and are

18:39

doing public engagement in this space

18:41

but there’s all about privacy data

18:44

management infrastructure security but

18:46

also laws open data laws geospatial

18:50

standards laws data dictionary laws

18:52

retention and archiving laws public

18:54

request laws etc but also

18:59

laws on being able to see the algorithms

19:02

that are coming their way and having

19:04

bills through

19:05

in the city of helsinki they’re doing

19:08

that work already they already have an

19:10

underlying digital strategy that is an

19:12

internet of things strategy that is an

19:14

open strategy that has a very robust and

19:17

safe and secure underlying and an

19:20

attention to privacy

19:22

infrastructure to enable to do that and

19:24

it’s human-centric it has usable data

19:27

and it’s an open business environment

19:29

but citizens are also actively engaged

19:32

into the creation of that infrastructure

19:34

again you see the technological

19:36

citizenship that’s coming into play here

19:39

we need to be active participants in

19:42

this space arguably you who grew up as

19:45

digital natives most of you in this room

19:48

should have some general understanding

19:50

not of the just of the surface of

19:52

technology but being able to look under

19:54

the hood and if you don’t go to a meet

19:57

up

19:58

go hang out at the hub

19:59

go spend some time in the civic in the

20:02

civic tech space go spend time at hacker

20:05

spaces

20:06

go spend time with community wi-fi

20:08

groups and learn how that technology

20:10

works and spend time playing with it

20:12

with people who know it

20:14

perhaps an open smart city has actors

20:17

who use data and technologies that are

20:19

fit for purpose so not just random stuff

20:22

that can be queried and repaired we

20:24

should have the right to repair things

20:26

that are open source standards based and

20:28

interoperable which is very very handy

20:31

particularly in the internet of things

20:32

space and that they’re durable and

20:35

they’re locally procured if possible so

20:38

that we can start growing our own small

20:39

technology companies and growing our own

20:42

canadian tech that might embed some of

20:44

these values but also that reduces bias

20:48

and harm and increases sustainability

20:51

and enhances flexibility

20:53

so if we need to we may defer

20:55

to automated processes but those need to

20:58

be legible they need to be responsive

21:00

adaptive and accountable so if we’re

21:02

going to do some machine learning we

21:04

need to open

21:05

and look under the hood and we need to

21:07

make the black box one that we can look

21:10

into so that we understand what the rule

21:11

sets are we understand with the data

21:13

that are going in we understand the

21:15

outputs and we understand how that is

21:17

cycling through we should not just be at

21:20

the end of the decision making we should

21:22

be part of being able to see how

21:23

decisions about us were made

21:26

this is an excellent organization of

21:29

scholars that are actually doing

21:30

fairness accountability and transparency

21:32

and machine learning the papers are not

21:34

for the light of heart but this is where

21:36

you’re going to start learning a lot

21:37

about artificial intelligence and

21:39

machine learning that’s going to be

21:40

unbiased

21:42

perhaps an open smart city is also a

21:45

city where we have custody and control

21:48

over the data that are generated in

21:50

these systems

21:52

and they’re held and exercised in the

21:54

public interest it’s not just data that

21:57

a government or the private sector gets

21:59

to use in a proprietary system

22:01

we co-own this data because the city is

22:04

a commons for us

22:06

and that the data are governed that

22:08

they’re open by default that they’re

22:09

secure we respect privacy and that we

22:12

have authority over our data

22:15

this is one very excellent example that

22:18

comes out of the programmable city

22:19

project and rob kitchen is one of the

22:21

world’s foremost authorities in this

22:23

space where he’s looking at smart cities

22:26

from a market-driven perspective a

22:27

technical perspective a policy and

22:29

regulatory perspective and a governance

22:32

perspective to insert some of these open

22:35

and fair and secure practices in the

22:38

actual system itself and looking at it

22:41

from an ecosystems approach

22:43

in europe

22:45

we’re we see the european union greater

22:48

data protection regulation where we are

22:51

data subjects data are collected about

22:53

us therefore we are the subject of

22:55

someone’s database and therefore we are

22:58

data subjects and as data subjects we

23:00

have rights over our data we have rights

23:02

over be the rights to being able to see

23:04

the algorithms that are producing

23:05

information about us and we have the

23:07

right to access that data and the right

23:10

to have those things explained to us

23:12

this is an absolute game changer in

23:14

europe what that protection does not yet

23:17

include is the right to repair things so

23:20

digital rights management over things

23:22

and the environment is not considered

23:24

very carefully so just think we’re going

23:26

to augment our urban environments with

23:28

billions of devices that have toxic

23:31

batteries and that are mined from the

23:34

congo with semi-precious materials

23:37

hopefully that stuff’s durable and it’s

23:38

not something we have to replace every

23:40

two three years because we’re not

23:41

talking one or two devices we are really

23:44

absolutely talking about billions of

23:45

devices

23:47

finally perhaps an open smart city is

23:49

one where actors recognize that data

23:52

and technology aren’t always the

23:55

solution to problems

23:57

maybe some of the systemic issues that

23:59

we have

24:01

are not always quick fixes

24:03

think of homelessness think of think of

24:06

poverty

24:07

think of of intimate partner

24:10

murders

24:11

think of suicide think of low literacy

24:15

rates these are not things you can just

24:16

throw technology at these are sometimes

24:18

very systemic issues addiction mental

24:21

health

24:22

so maybe some of these problems require

24:25

innovative and smart

24:27

long-term social organizational economic

24:29

and political processes and solutions so

24:32

in my mind a smart city is not just

24:34

about the technology it’s about being

24:36

smart and better people to manage these

24:38

our cities

24:40

the province of quebec has this

24:41

absolutely fantastic report here that

24:44

you can have as as a resource if you

24:46

read french of course um and this is one

24:48

of the first reports that i’ve seen that

24:51

really starts discussing some of the

24:52

ethical implications of smart cities and

24:55

it comes out of the

24:57

ministry that happens to have an ethics

24:59

and science and technology unit imagine

25:01

if we had that in the province of

25:02

ontario or in our cities and in this

25:05

case as we’ve been i’ve been talking

25:07

about our definition here that smart

25:10

cities should favor above all the public

25:11

interest in the public good reduce the

25:14

negative consequences and maintain

25:16

dignity privacy and democratic life

25:20

ensure that there’s equitable

25:21

distribution of the benefits of the

25:23

smart cities so it’s not clark city just

25:26

for a wealthy class of global

25:28

metropolitan people in manila that it’s

25:31

actually considering and helping to

25:33

improve the lives of the people in smoky

25:35

mountain and that the benefits of the

25:38

smart city outweigh the costs so maybe

25:41

this is what a smart city is going to

25:42

look like right maybe it’s an organic

25:44

city maybe it’s a city where the

25:46

buildings are like a rain forest and

25:48

there’s greenery and they’re augmented

25:51

and digitized

25:52

maybe you know this you know having

25:54

lived in sweden for a bit maybe this is

25:55

sweden and tokyo’s version of what a

25:58

smart city looks like this could be a

26:00

toronto version maybe not 50 years maybe

26:02

in 100 years where we’ll have much more

26:05

vertical greenery and interesting

26:06

integrated work or maybe

26:09

in 50 years this is what our city is

26:10

going to look like the way they look now

26:13

but maybe

26:15

not with this kind of problem

26:17

maybe we’re going to get smarter and not

26:18

do this maybe we’re going to actually

26:20

throw data at doing things to unravel

26:23

some of the problems that we have and to

26:24

come up with policy solutions and maybe

26:27

we’ll throw data and our minds and our

26:29

technology and our efforts towards smart

26:32

cities that will take into consideration

26:34

our national housing strategy and deal

26:36

with our homeless problems in our

26:37

country

26:38

to me that’s more what a smart city is

26:41

about and i thank you very much for your

26:43

time thank you

27:00

you

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